Tugas 11

1.      ~1.ada berapa tipe if-clause :

~ Type 1. mengenai kejadian nyata

~ Type 2

Type 2 .is concerned with hypothetical  or unreal situations in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat ini.)

~ Type 3

Type 3 .is concerned with hypothetical discussion about the past.

2.      

       ~2.ada berapa tipe wish :

~ Type 1. mengenai kejadian nyata

Dalam tipe 1, if clause dalam present tense, sedangkan main clause biasanya dalam bentuk present, future, atau imperative.

~ Type 2

Type 2 .is concerned with hypothetical  or unreal situations in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat ini.)

~ Type 3

Type 3 .is concerned with hypothetical discussion about the past

3.       

        ~3.Jelaskan fungsi dari masing-masing tipe :

~ Type 1.

Dalam tipe 1, if clause dalam present tense, sedangkan main clause biasanya dalam bentuk present, future, atau imperative.

~ Type 2

Type 2 .is concerned with hypothetical  or unreal situations in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat ini.)

~ Type 3

Type 3 .is concerned with hypothetical discussion about the past.

~4. Berikan 10 contoh kalimat pengandaian beserta faktanya :

Ø I wish I knew how to dance ( I don’t know how to dance )

Ø I wish I had a bicycle ( I don’t have a bicycle )

Ø I wish I were home in bed ( I’m not home in bed )

Ø I wish it weren’t cold today ( It’s cold today )

Ø We wish we were in Bali ( We aren’t in Bali )

Ø I wish I had a car ( I don’t have a car )

Ø I wish I had a tape recorder ( I don’t have a tape recorder )

Ø I wish I had studied for the test ( I didn’t study for the test )

Ø John wishes he had finished his work ( John didn’t finish his work )

Ø I wish I hadn’t gone to the meeting ( I went to meeting )

Tugas 10

1.    1.   Definisi conditional sentences

Conditional Sentences merupakan kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan pengandaian suatu peristiwa yang belum terjadi atau bahkan tidak mungkin terjadi. Kalimat pengandaian ini memiliki beberapa bentuk yang mewakili beragam bentuk waktu, dengan kata lain, bentuk kalimat pengandaian ini akan tergantung pada bentuk waktu peristiwa yang diandaikan.

2.  

      2.   ada berapa bentuk conditional sentences

            Conditional 1

1.       IF + S + Present Tense, S + Future Tense

Conditional 2

2.       If + S + Past Tense, S + Past Future

Conditional 3

3. If + s + Past Perfect, S + Future Past Perfect

3.     berikan contoh 10 kalimat yang menggunakan conditional sentences

~If I have the money, I will give it to you.

~ If you keep driving on this speed, we may arrive at home before 10 p.m.

~ I can pass this subject if I study hard

~ You must bring an umbrella if you don’t want to get wet.

~ If Budi has enough time, he usually walks to campus.

~ I usually watch football on TV every Saturday night if I do not fall asleep

~ If he has money, he always treats us.

~ If you finish with your work, please help me

~ Please give me a cigarette if you don’t mind.

~ If you have time, please meet me in my office

Tugas 9

1.     ~  Berikan contoh 10 kalimat passive berbentuk negatif :

1. We could not have been seen from the island.

                          

2. It is not being dealt with satisfactorily.

3. They were not being kept under observation.

4. You will not be held responsible.

5. They were not expected at six o’clock.

6. He will not be asked to participate.

7. You were not shown the sights.

8. She is not being shown the sights.

9. He will be asked to participate.

10. They would not have been instructed to join us.

2.    ~   Berikan 10 contoh kalimat pasif berbentuk kalimat tanya :

1. Should they be notified?

2. Might he have been allowed to leave?

3. Had you been told about it?

4. Will they be needed?

5. Has it been adjourned?

6. Were they being prepared?

7. Were you shown the sights?

8. Is she being shown the sights?

9. were they being prepared?

10. has it been adjourned?

Tugas 8

1.         1>  Definisi intransitive verb

Intransitive Verbs

Yaitu adalah kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan obyek, karena sudah dapat dipahami dengan sempurna makna kalimat tersebut.

2.   

           2>  kategori kata kerja intransitive

Subject                               

Cows

The woman

The horse

Verb

are

has fallen

continued

Complement

four-legged animals (benda)

sick (kata sifat)

running (partisip)

3.       

            3>  berikan contohnya minimal 10 kalimat

Contoh :

-       Cows walk. Sapi-sapi berjalan

-       Horses run. Kuda-kuda berlari

-       Birds fly. Burung-burung terbang

-The baby cries.

-My mother is sleeping.

-The water boils

-I will make you happy.

- I appoint him to be my assistant.

-We talked about the problem.

- She felt sorry for coming late.

Tugas 7

1.       definisi transitive verb

Verbs (kata kerja) adalah kata yang menunjukkan nama perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh subyek, namun mungkin juga untuk menunjukkan keadaan. Verbs biasanya menjadi Predikat dari suatu kalimat.

2.       kategori kata kerja transitive verb

~Finite Verb (Kata Kerja Biasa)

~ Auxiliary Verbs (Kata Kerja Bantu)

~ Linking Verbs (Kata Kerja Penghubung)

~ Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Membutuhkan Objek)

~ Transitive Verbs (Kata Kerja Yang Membutuhkan Objek)

~ Regular & Irregular Verbs

3.       berikan contoh minimal 10 kalimat

Contoh:

~Ms. Anne reads a novel. (Infinitive)

~Ms. Anne is reading a novel. (Present Participle)

~Does Ms. Anne read a novel?

~Ms. Anne read a novel. (Past Tense)

~Ms. Anne has read a novel. (Past Participle)
~I will make you happy.

~I appoint him to be my assistant.
~He played the fool.                  

~He laughs a hard laugh.           

~He slept a sound sleep.           

~He died a miserable death.      

Tugas 6

.

1.       ~ Definisi passive voice :

   (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat, walaupun Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, namun passive voice sering kita temukan surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Passive voice dalam rumusnya mempunyai Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

2.   

            ~~ Bagaimana mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif :

~Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

~ Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were

~ Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’

~ Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

~ Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be

~ Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan 

setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’

~ Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.

~ Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.

~ Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.

~ Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.

~ Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.

~ Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.

~ Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

~ Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.

~ Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.

a.      

~                 ~Berikan contoh minimal 5 buah :

~ Active : He would be meeting them.

Passive : They would be being met by him.

Active : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

~ Active : He will have been meeting them.

Passive : They will have been being met by him.

Active : She will have been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

~ Active : He would be meeting them.

Passive : They would be being met by him.

Active : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

~ Active : He will be meeting them.

Passive : They will be being met by him.

Active : She will be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

~ Active : He had been meeting them.

Passive : They had been being met by him.

Active : She had been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant had been being watered by her

tugas 05 - berikan 10 contoh kalimat yang mengandung gerunds

~ Gerund menjadi Subjects di belakang Verbs:

Verbs + Gerunds

-          The students enjoy studying English in the foreign language laboratory.

-          The good boys enjoy fasting on the whole of Ramadhan.

-          Henry found parking in Bandung was difficult.

-          The police prevent smuggling at the airport.

-          We expected recovering from monetary crises was priority.

-          European botanist wondered seeing so many kinds of orchid in Indonesia.

-          He admitted taking the money.

-          I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition.

-          Try to avoid making him angry.

-          He detests speaking Japanese.

-          Vicky dreads getting old.

-          Johannes kept complaining.

-          She keeps smiling to me.

-          He advised me applying at once.

-          She recommended buying it.

-          They don’t allow parking.

~ Possessive Adjective + Gerunds:

-          I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.

-          Forgive my interrupting you.

-          Forgive me for interrupting you.

-          I can’t prevent his leaving the country.

-          I can’t prevent him from leaving the country.

-          I don’t remember my mother complaining about the prices.

~ Infinitive menjadi Gerund:

-          I began to work, menjadi I began working.

-          He continued to live, menjadi He continued living above shop.

-          The grass wants to be cut, menjadi The grass wants cutting.

-          US Army ceased to attack Afghan soldiers, menjadi US Army ceased attacking …

~ Preposition + Gerund:

-          Fred insisted on seeing Anita.

-          Roy was accused of smuggling drugs.

-          I have no objection to hearing your story again.

-          Can you touch your toes without bending your knees?

-          Helga is found of adventuring.

-          Tommy is good on telling lies.

-          After swimming I felt cold.

-          Is Miss Schippers interested in making money?

-          She doesn’t care for cooking.

-          I’m sorry for keeping you waiting.

~ Verb + Preposition (adverb combination / phrasal verb) + Gerund

-          I don’t care for standing in queues.

-          Finally the dog left off barking.

-          She puts off making a decision till she had more details.

-          Helena doesn’t care for making money, her husband is a millionaire.

-          Will you see about getting a new tire?

-          Steve tried to give up smoking yesterday.

-          I look forward to seeing you soon.

-          She took to ringing me in the midnight.

~ Gerund sebagai Larangan atau Pemberitahuan:

-          no smoking, no parking

-          no trespassing, no swimming

-          no littering,

-          no spiting,

-          no loitering,

-          no shouting,

~ Passive Verbal Gerund (being / having been + past participle)

a. Passive Verbal sebagai Subject:

-          Being taught by Miss Irene is very interesting.

-          Having been taught by her was a great experience.

-          Being brought to this small town has made her sad.

-          Having been forgotten by his old friend makes him unhappy.

-

b. Passive Verbal sebagai Object:

-          They don’t like being suspected.

-          The students enjoyed being taught by Miss Helen.

-          Phil doesn’t like being appointed new director.

c. Passive Verbal sebagai Object Modifier:

-          I like the children being fed by Mrs. Julie.

-          They would like to learn the song being sung by Celine Dion.

-          Don’t accept the gift being given by any foreigner.

d. Passive Verbal sebagai Adjective (Subject Modifier) :

-          The man being examined is very helpful.

-          The clerk being promoted makes his wife happy.

-          The report having been finished will be printed soon.

-          The log cabin after having been cleaned up became a very nice place to live in.

~ Gerund dalam Noun Compound

a. Noun + Gerund:

-          Fruit picking,

-          Lorry driving,

-          Hitch hiking,

-          Bird watching,

-          Surf riding,

-          Weight lifting,

-          Coal mining,

-          stamp collecting,

b. Gerund + Noun:

-          waiting list,

-          driving license,

-          dining room,

-          diving board,

-          swimming pool,

-          landing card,

-          parking lot,

-          shopping center,